Warren W.
Wiggins, 84, the major architect and organizer of the Peace Corps who wrote the
basic philosophical document that shaped its mission, died of atypical
Parkinson's syndrome April 13 at his home in Haymarket.
In 1961, Mr. Wiggins, who became one of the top leaders of the high-profile
agency in its earliest years, was an unknown foreign policy adviser whose brief
paper, "The Towering Task," landed in the lap of the Peace Corps'
first director, R. Sargent Shriver, just as he was
trying to figure out how to turn President John F. Kennedy's campaign promise
into a working federal department.
The response to it became legendary in the agency as "the midnight ride of
Warren Wiggins." Shriver, burrowing through correspondence shortly after
midnight on Feb. 6, 1961, was electrified by the treatise, which urged the
agency to act boldly. A small agency was more likely to fail because its
projects would not be consequential enough, Mr. Wiggins wrote. Using specific
examples, with a proposed staff size and budget, Mr. Wiggins suggested that
Kennedy act through an executive order for the quickest start.
Shriver fired off a telegram at 3 a.m., directing Mr. Wiggins to appear later
that morning at the Mayflower Hotel, where he had his office. When Mr. Wiggins
appeared, he was astonished to find that his exposition had been mimeographed
and distributed to Shriver's task force. According to the 1994 work "A
History of National Service in America," Shriver ordered everyone to read
the paper, then said it came closer to expressing his
views than anything he had seen. "Shriver from the beginning saw him as
someone who had the spirit of moving big and fast," former senator Harris Wofford (D-Pa.), who was there, said in an interview.
"The Peace Corps, small and symbolic, might be good public relations, but
a Peace Corps that was large and had a major impact on problems in other
countries could transform the economic development of the world."
As associate director of program development for the Peace Corps, Mr. Wiggins
was at a White House meeting when Kennedy's aides decided that the fledgling
agency should report through the established foreign policy bureaucracy. Mr.
Wiggins, alarmed, fired off a cable to Shriver, who was overseas. Mr. Wiggins
then asked Bill Moyers, deputy director of the Peace Corps, to take a copy of
the cable to Vice President Lyndon B. Johnson and argue the political benefits
of an independent Peace Corps. Johnson agreed, addressed the matter with
Kennedy, and the decision was reversed.
Mr. Wiggins later served as deputy director of the Peace Corps. He left in 1967
to form TransCentury, a private firm that ran a job
center in Anacostia and a remedial education program in New York. The
company closed in 1995, and Mr. Wiggins devoted himself to poetry, sketching
and tending his garden, growing persimmons and many vegetables.
"I think he embodied the watchwords that were once given to me: We must be
more inventive if we're going to do our duty," Wofford
said. "He was ever inventive. He was putting his mind to problems. Warren
was not somebody to rest content with falling short. He was ever ready for the
quantum leap."
Patricia Sullivan Washington Post Staff Writer, April 15, 2007